Verb type 4
Type 4 verbs end in a -vtv pattern and are sometimes subject to consonant gradation.
Pattern
Verbs ending in -ata/-ätä, -ota/-ötä, -uta/-ytä. For example:
Stem
Finding the stem for type 4 verbs can be done by removing the -t from between the two ending vowels. For example:
- Avata → Avaa-
- Kadota → Katoa-
- Älytä → Älyä-
Examples of type 4 verb conjugations
| Positive conjugation | Negative conjugation |
|---|---|
| Positive conjugation Minä avaan | Negative conjugation Minä en avaa |
| Positive conjugation Sinä avaat | Negative conjugation Sinä et avaa |
| Positive conjugation Hän avaa | Negative conjugation Hän ei avaa |
| Positive conjugation Me avaamme | Negative conjugation Me emme avaa |
| Positive conjugation Te avaatte | Negative conjugation Te ette avaa |
| Positive conjugation He avaavat | Negative conjugation He eivät avaa |
| Positive conjugation Passiivi avataan | Negative conjugation Passiivi ei avata |
| Positive conjugation | Negative conjugation |
|---|---|
| Positive conjugation Minä katoan | Negative conjugation Minä en katoa |
| Positive conjugation Sinä katoat | Negative conjugation Sinä et katoa |
| Positive conjugation Hän katoaa | Negative conjugation Hän ei katoa |
| Positive conjugation Me katoamme | Negative conjugation Me emme katoa |
| Positive conjugation Te katoatte | Negative conjugation Te ette katoa |
| Positive conjugation He katoavat | Negative conjugation He eivät katoa |
| Positive conjugation Passiivi kadotaan | Negative conjugation Passiivi ei kadota |
| Positive conjugation | Negative conjugation |
|---|---|
| Positive conjugation Minä älyän | Negative conjugation Minä en älyä |
| Positive conjugation Sinä älyät | Negative conjugation Sinä et älyä |
| Positive conjugation Hän älyää | Negative conjugation Hän ei älyä |
| Positive conjugation Me älyämme | Negative conjugation Me emme älyä |
| Positive conjugation Te älyätte | Negative conjugation Te ette älyä |
| Positive conjugation He älyävät | Negative conjugation He eivät älyä |
| Positive conjugation Passiivi älytään | Negative conjugation Passiivi ei älytä |
Type 4 verb gotchas
Tavata
Depending on the meaning, the verb Tavata’s consonant can either gradate strongly or remain in its base form. Typically the verb would be used for when meeting someone, and in this case its consonant gradates strongly. But perhaps less frequently Tavata may also be used for when spelling or pronouncing a word letter by letter, syllabically or when deciphering something. If this is the case it does not gradate. More information can be found in this Wiktionary article(Opens in new window).
Type 4 verb crossovers
Occasionally some type 4 verbs will crossover and conjugate as type 6 verbs. Some type 4 crossover examples include:
Common type 4 verbs with consonant gradation
Not all type 4 verbs are subject to weak consonant gradation. In many cases the gradation is strong.
Some type 4 verbs where the consonate gradation is strong when conjugated include:
- Hypätä, to jump
- Kadota, to disappear
- Luvata, to promise
- Maata, to lie down
- Mitata, to measure
- Pelätä, to fear
- Pudota, to drop/fall
- Vallata, to seize