Adessive
The Adessive (adessiivi) case is part of the external locative cases. It typically corresponds to the “at”, “on” or “around” prepositions in English, and usually refer to being “externally closeby or around something”. In Finnish it is indicated by the -lla/-llä suffix.
Concept
Including, but not limited to:
- When something is at, near or around something.
- When something is on top of something.
- When referring to open spaces.
- When describing possession.
- When being or going by or with something.
- When phrasing or expressing time.
Usage
If something has a close proximity to something else, such as being near or around it, add the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Translation | Example | Example translated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Word Talo | Translation House |
Example
Talolla, taloilla | Example translated Around the house(s) |
| Word Kaappi | Translation Cupboard |
Example
Kaapilla, kaapeilla | Example translated Around the cupboard(s) |
| Word Laatikko | Translation Box |
Example
Laatikolla, laatikoilla | Example translated Around the box(es) |
| Word Kauppa | Translation Store |
Example
Kaupalla, kaupoilla | Example translated Around the store(s) |
| Word Auto | Translation Car |
Example
Autolla, autoilla | Example translated Around the car(s) |
Physically on top where both objects can be identified.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| Word Lasi on pöydällä | Translation The glass is on the table |
| Word Kirja on hyllyllä | Translation The book is on the shelf |
| Word Kissa on tuolilla | Translation The cat is on the chair |
Places that typically do not have a roof or cover over them.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| Word Kadulla | Translation On/around the street |
| Word Kentällä | Translation In/around the field |
| Word Pihalla | Translation In/around the yard |
When someone or something has something else.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| Word Minulla on koira | Translation I have a dog |
| Word Sinulla on auto | Translation You have a car |
| Word Heillä on ruokaa | Translation They have some food |
Usually to indicate physical or close proximity to something.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| Word Minä matkustan metrolla | Translation I travel by/with the metro |
| Word Hän tulee pyörällä | Translation He comes by bicycle |
| Word Kuuntelen musiikkia kuulokkeilla | Translation I listen to music with headphones |
When identifying a general period of time something occurs the Adessive case is used.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
| Word Päivällä | Translation During the day |
| Word Viime viikolla | Translation Last week |
| Word Huomenna illalla | Translation Tomorrow evening |
Formation
Words that end in a single vowel of -a/-ä, -o/-ö or -u/-y simply add the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Word Auto | Conjugation Autolla |
| Word Pöytä | Conjugation Pöydällä |
| Word Sänky | Conjugation Sängyllä |
Words that end in -e acquire a second -e before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Word Laude | |
| Word Parveke | |
| Word Tie |
Words that end in -nen change to -se before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Word Kivinen | Conjugation Kivisellä |
| Word Punainen | Conjugation Punaisella |
| Word Ykkönen | Conjugation Ykkösellä |
New Finnish words typically look or sound like words in other languages. They perhaps most commonly seem to resemble English words. These words simply add the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Word Pankki | Conjugation Pankilla |
| Word Bussi | Conjugation Bussilla |
| Word Kahvi | Conjugation Kahvilla |
Old Finnish words that end in -i change to -e before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Word Suomi | Conjugation Suomella |
| Word Järvi | Conjugation Järvellä |
| Word Kivi | Conjugation Kivellä |
Old Finnish words that end in -si change to -de before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Word Uusi | Conjugation Uudella |
| Word Kuukausi | Conjugation Kuukaudella |
| Word Vuosi | Conjugation Vuodella |