Adessive
The Adessive (adessiivi) case is part of the external locative cases. It typically corresponds to the “at”, “on” or “around” prepositions in English, and usually refer to being “externally closeby or around something”. In Finnish it is indicated by the -lla/-llä suffix.
Concept
Including, but not limited to:
- When something is at, near or around something.
- When something is on top of something.
- When referring to open spaces.
- When describing possession.
- When being or going by or with something.
- When phrasing or expressing time.
Usage
If something has a close proximity to something else, such as being near or around it, add the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Translation | Example | Example translated |
|---|---|---|---|
Talo | House | Talolla, taloilla | Around the house(s) |
Kaappi | Cupboard | Kaapilla, kaapeilla | Around the cupboard(s) |
Laatikko | Box | Laatikolla, laatikoilla | Around the box(es) |
Kauppa | Store | Kaupalla, kaupoilla | Around the store(s) |
Auto | Car | Autolla, autoilla | Around the car(s) |
Physically on top where both objects can be identified.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
Lasi on pöydällä | The glass is on the table |
Kirja on hyllyllä | The book is on the shelf |
Kissa on tuolilla | The cat is on the chair |
Places that typically do not have a roof or cover over them.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
Kadulla | On/around the street |
Kentällä | In/around the field |
Pihalla | In/around the yard |
When someone or something has something else.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
Minulla on koira | I have a dog |
Sinulla on auto | You have a car |
Heillä on ruokaa | They have some food |
Usually to indicate physical or close proximity to something.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
Minä matkustan metrolla | I travel by/with the metro |
Hän tulee pyörällä | He comes by bicycle |
Kuuntelen musiikkia kuulokkeilla | I listen to music with headphones |
When identifying a general period of time something occurs the Adessive case is used.
| Word | Translation |
|---|---|
Päivällä | During the day |
Viime viikolla | Last week |
Huomenna illalla | Tomorrow evening |
Formation
Words that end in a single vowel of -a/-ä, -o/-ö or -u/-y simply add the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
Auto | Autolla |
Pöytä | Pöydällä |
Sänky | Sängyllä |
Words that end in -e acquire a second -e before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
Laude | |
Parveke | |
Tie |
Words that end in -nen change to -se before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
Kivinen | Kivisellä |
Punainen | Punaisella |
Ykkönen | Ykkösellä |
New Finnish words typically look or sound like words in other languages. They perhaps most commonly seem to resemble English words. These words simply add the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
Pankki | Pankilla |
Bussi | Bussilla |
Kahvi | Kahvilla |
Old Finnish words that end in -i change to -e before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
Suomi | Suomella |
Järvi | Järvellä |
Kivi | Kivellä |
Old Finnish words that end in -si change to -de before adding the -lla/-llä suffix.
| Word | Conjugation |
|---|---|
Uusi | Uudella |
Kuukausi | Kuukaudella |
Vuosi | Vuodella |